《五斗經》成書年代及作者新考

《道教研究學報：宗教、歷史與社會》第十四期（2022） Daoism: Religion, History and Society, No. 14 (2022), 145–183

《五斗經》成書年代及作者新考 *

施秦生

摘要

《五斗經》是道教星斗信仰的核心經典，一般指的是《太上玄靈北斗本命

延生真經》、《太上說南斗六司延壽度人妙經》、《太上說東斗主算護命妙

經》、《太上說西斗記名護身妙經》、《太上說中斗大魁保命妙經》這五篇道

經。然而學界對此組道經卻鮮少關注，甚至連其成書年代都頗見歧說、

未有定論。本文通過審視《道門科範大全集．〈真武靈應大醮儀〉》等書的

記載，進而探察《五斗經》所宣揚的「老君授經」說的接受史與《五斗經》的

著錄及被引情況，從而考定《五斗經》之成書時間當在北宋大中祥符八年

（1015）至熙寧七年（1074），甚至更準確說是治平四年（1067）至熙寧七

年之間。在此基礎上，筆者會進一步考察唐宋時期成都玉局觀地方道團

的信仰特徵與《五斗經》之成書背景，指出《五斗經》的作者應是以李垂應

為代表的玉局觀道士。

關鍵詞：五斗經、北斗經、成書年代、作者、玉局觀

施秦生，江蘇揚州人，四川大學道教與宗教文化研究所哲學博士，專業為宗教 學。主要從事道教星斗信仰、中古道教文獻研究。近年發表的代表性論文有〈《度 人經》「五斗」解詁〉，《宗教學研究》，第 1 期（2021）；〈象天為法：《太平經》所見 星斗信仰與漢唐道教〉，《道學研究》，第 1 期（2022）。

• 本文為國家社會科學基金重大項目「中國西南道教文獻整理與資料庫建設」（批准 號：21&ZD249）的階段性成果。拙文承蒙蓋建民先生、孫偉傑老師、朱永清學 友以及匿名評審專家的賜教與指正，謹致謝忱。

The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press: Copyrighted Materials《道教研究學報：宗教、歷史與社會》第十四期（2022） Daoism: Religion, History and Society, No. 14 (2022), 145–183

Reinvestigation on the Written Date and Author of Wudou jing

Shi Qinsheng

Abstract

The Scriptures of Five Dippers (Wudou jing 五斗經) are the core scriptures of Daoist star beliefs, which generally refer to the following five: Taishang xuanling beidou benming yansheng zhenjing 太上玄靈北斗本命延生真經 , Taishang shuo nandou liusi yanshou duren miaojing 太上說南斗六司延壽 度人妙經 , Taishang shuo dongdou zhusuan huming miaojing 太上說東斗 主算護命妙經 , Taishang shuo xidou jiming hushen miaojing 太上說西斗 記名護身妙經 , and Taishang shuo zhongdou dakui baoming miaojing 太 上說中斗大魁保命妙經 . However, academics have paid so little attention to them. And scholars are even still holding different views and have not reached an agreement on the exact time that these scriptures were written. Through the records from Zhenwu lingying dajiaoyi 真武靈應大醮儀 in the Daomen kefan daquan ji 道門科範大全集, this essay explores how the myth of “Laojun’s 老君 revelation” propagated by Wudou jing was received in history, as well as the citations of Wudou jing, then points out that Wudou jing were probably written between the eighth year of the Dazhong Xiangfu 大中祥符 period (1015) and the seventh year of Xi’ning 熙寧 period (1074), or even between the fourth year of the Zhiping 治平 period (1067) and the seventh year of Xi’ning period in the Northern Song Dynasty. Based on the above argument, this essay further investigates the belief features of the local Daoist groups of Yujü Abbey 玉局觀 in Chengdu 成都 during the Tang and Song dynasties and the background during the composition of Wudou jing, with the conclusion that the authors of Wudou jing were probably Daoist priests of Yujü Abbey, represented by Li Chuiying.

Keywords: The Scriptures of Five Dippers, Wudou jing, the Scripture of

Big Dipper, Beidou jing, written date, author, Yujü Abbey

The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press: Copyrighted Materials